The National Hurricane Center and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale to measure storm strength.
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Both tropical storms and tropical depressions can cause heavy rains and flooding and should be watched carefully in case they upgrade to a hurricane. If the tropical depression continues to grow, it is then categorized as a tropical storm with a maximum of 73 mph winds. Every hurricane starts as a tropical depression moving at less than 38 mph. Hurricanes are measured and classified by their maximum sustained winds measured in miles per hour (mph). How are Hurricanes Measured and Classified? storm in history, behind Hurricane Ian in 2022, hurricanes Harvey and Maria in 2017, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Currently, it is listed as the fifth-costliest U.S. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Sandy affected 24 states and all of the eastern seaboard – causing an estimated $70.2 billion in damages. One of the most well-known superstorms was Sandy, at one time called a hurricane but known in the aftermath as Superstorm Sandy. The term is most frequently used to describe a weather pattern that is as destructive as a hurricane, but which exhibits the cold-weather patterns of a winter storm. The extratropical cyclones making up superstorms tend to be much larger than the tropical cyclones or hurricanes. Superstorms are typically extratropical cyclones and they do not occur frequently – usually only once every few decades. A superstorm often involves cold, non-tropical weather, while a hurricane can only occur in warm, tropical conditions. Most often, the key difference between a superstorm and a hurricane is the weather involved. The expressions “perfect storm” and “storm of the century” have also been used to describe unusual storms like these.
The National Weather Service introduced the word “superstorm” in 1993 to define massive and destructive storms. These storms are unusually intense and do not always fit into a particular category. Generally speaking, a superstorm is a huge, harsh, and powerful storm that usually causes damage over a large area. The term “superstorm” has no formal definition, but the word often comes up when severe weather conditions cause extensive damage and fatalities. While this is sometimes common, there are some key distinctions between the two weather events that should be understood and identified depending on the situation. In certain cases, if the storm strengthens in size and conditions worsen, the terms superstorm and hurricane may be used interchangeably when describing it. When a major storm is on the horizon, meteorologists will take the time to examine its conditions and estimated path as it strengthens or weakens.
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